短语讲解：

1.Those patients had a 42 percent lower risk of death compared to the patients who did not follow the guidelines.

compare to 把…比作， 喻为; 与…相比
例句：Cultural life in the country cannot compare to that of a large city.
农村的文化生活不能与大城市的相比拟。

2.In the study, colon cancer returned in 335 patients, 256 of whom died from the disease.

die from 死于（某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等）;
例句：Forty-thousand children a day die from preventable diseases
每天有4万个孩子死于本可以预防的疾病。