短语讲解：

1. They are trying to make up for a shortage of teachers in the United States who can offer instruction in two languages.

make up for 补偿，弥补
例句：Her beauty can't make up for her stupidity.
她的美丽不能弥补她的愚蠢。

2. But such programs are not always easy to set up.

set up 建立; 准备; 安排
例句：The two sides agreed to set up a commission to investigate claims
双方同意组建一个委员会来调查那些索赔要求。

3. In New York City, for example, the city’s Department of Education says its students speak a total of 180 different languages.

a total of 总数为
例句：Out of a total of 2,602 pupils only 922 passed the test
所有2,602名学生中，只有922名通过了测试。

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