短语讲解：

1. It is widely known that certain parts of oil and gas drilling can lead to small earthquakes.

lead to 导致
例句：That may lead to a serious split in our class.
那可能导致我们班的严重分裂。

2. It does this by loosening faults, or divisions, in the rocks that make up Earth's crust.

make up 弥补
例句：Her beauty can't make up for her stupidity.
她的美丽不能弥补她的愚蠢。