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ÈÕÆÚ:2007-10-18
¡¡¡¡¡¡questions¡¡76¡¡to¡¡80¡¡are¡¡based¡¡on¡¡the¡¡following¡¡passage:¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡yellow¡¡fever¡¡is¡¡a¡¡disease¡¡of¡¡warm¡¡lands¡¡that¡¡is¡¡found¡¡mainly¡¡along¡¡theshore¡¡of¡¡the¡¡atlantic¡¡ocean.¡¡it¡¡was¡¡first¡¡noticed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡americas,¡¡but¡¡maywell¡¡have¡¡come¡¡form¡¡africa¡¡and¡¡reached¡¡the¡¡new¡¡world¡¡with¡¡or¡¡soon¡¡aftercolumbus.¡¡until¡¡about¡¡fifty¡¡years¡¡ago,¡¡yellow¡¡fever¡¡was¡¡still¡¡one¡¡of¡¡themost¡¡feared¡¡diseases¡¡in¡¡the¡¡united¡¡states,¡¡where¡¡many¡¡died¡¡in¡¡repeated¡¡out-breaks.¡¡an¡¡outbreak¡¡which¡¡was¡¡to¡¡lead¡¡to¡¡surprising¡¡developments¡¡was¡¡onethat¡¡happened¡¡in¡¡cuba¡¡during¡¡the¡¡spanish-american¡¡war.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡a¡¡result,¡¡an¡¡army¡¡group¡¡under¡¡major¡¡walter¡¡reed¡¡was¡¡sent¡¡there¡¡injune,¡¡1900¡¡with¡¡orders¡¡"to¡¡give¡¡special¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡questions¡¡concerningthe¡¡cause¡¡and¡¡prevention¡¡of¡¡yellow¡¡fever".¡¡in¡¡a¡¡daring¡¡group¡¡of¡¡experimentsusing¡¡human¡¡beings,¡¡major¡¡reed¡¡proved¡¡the¡¡truth¡¡of¡¡an¡¡idea¡¡advanced¡¡in¡¡1881by¡¡a¡¡cuban¡¡doctor,¡¡that¡¡the¡¡city¡¡type¡¡of¡¡mosquito¡¡passed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡disease.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡successful¡¡result¡¡of¡¡these¡¡experiments¡¡gave¡¡birth¡¡to¡¡another¡¡andstill¡¡more¡¡important¡¡idea:¡¡kill¡¡off¡¡the¡¡city¡¡type¡¡of¡¡mosquitoes¡¡and¡¡therewill¡¡be¡¡no¡¡more¡¡yellow¡¡fever.¡¡fortunately¡¡these¡¡mosquitoes¡¡are¡¡one¡¡of¡¡theeasiest¡¡types¡¡to¡¡destroy.¡¡they¡¡are¡¡born¡¡in¡¡pools¡¡of¡¡quiet,¡¡warm¡¡water,within¡¡a¡¡short¡¡distance¡¡to¡¡people's¡¡home.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡to¡¡havana¡¡came¡¡a¡¡general¡¡with¡¡orders¡¡from¡¡the¡¡united¡¡states¡¡govern-ment¡¡to¡¡dry¡¡up¡¡these¡¡pools.¡¡he¡¡carried¡¡out¡¡his¡¡task¡¡so¡¡well¡¡that¡¡the¡¡mos-quitoes¡¡disappeared.¡¡with¡¡them¡¡went¡¡yellow¡¡fever,¡¡never¡¡to¡¡return¡¡to¡¡havana.a¡¡few¡¡years¡¡later¡¡the¡¡same¡¡general¡¡successfully¡¡repeated¡¡this¡¡operation¡¡inpanama¡¡and¡¡in¡¡this¡¡way¡¡made¡¡possible¡¡the¡¡building¡¡of¡¡the¡¡panama¡¡canal.¡¡itall¡¡seemed¡¡so¡¡simple.¡¡end¡¡the¡¡mosquitoes:¡¡end¡¡the¡¡disease.¡¡man¡¡even¡¡beganto¡¡dream¡¡of¡¡getting¡¡rid¡¡of¡¡yellow¡¡fever¡¡from¡¡the¡¡world.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡meanwhile¡¡one¡¡question¡¡still¡¡remained¡¡unanswered.¡¡the¡¡city¡¡type¡¡of¡¡mosquitoes¡¡carried¡¡the¡¡fever,¡¡without¡¡doubt,¡¡but¡¡how?¡¡after¡¡many¡¡experi-ments,¡¡a¡¡member¡¡of¡¡the¡¡united¡¡states¡¡army¡¡yellow¡¡fever¡¡commission¡¡decidedthat¡¡the¡¡disease¡¡must¡¡be¡¡carried¡¡by¡¡something¡¡too¡¡small¡¡to¡¡be¡¡seen.¡¡ofhis¡¡own¡¡free¡¡will,¡¡this¡¡devoted¡¡scientist¡¡decided¡¡to¡¡allow¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡bebitten¡¡by¡¡an¡¡infected¡¡mosquito.¡¡then,¡¡taking¡¡some¡¡of¡¡his¡¡infected¡¡blood,he¡¡injected¡¡it¡¡into¡¡three¡¡other¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡group¡¡who¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡help.two¡¡of¡¡the¡¡three¡¡got¡¡yellow¡¡fever¡¡--¡¡and¡¡recovered.¡¡this¡¡showed¡¡that¡¡thedisease¡¡was¡¡carried¡¡by¡¡a¡¡virus¡¡(2???)¡¡too¡¡small¡¡to¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡through¡¡the¡¡
microscopes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡day.¡¡
76.¡¡yellow¡¡fever¡¡is¡¡found¡¡mainly¡¡around¡¡_______.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡the¡¡atlantic¡¡ocean¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡any¡¡warm¡¡ocean¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡the¡¡americas¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡any¡¡warm¡¡country¡¡
77.¡¡the¡¡outbreak¡¡which¡¡stirred¡¡the¡¡interest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡us¡¡army¡¡was¡¡in¡¡_______.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡cuba¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡spain¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡panama¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡the¡¡united¡¡states¡¡
78.¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡reasons¡¡that¡¡yellow¡¡fever¡¡was¡¡defeated¡¡was¡¡that¡¡_______.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡some¡¡people¡¡were¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡sacrifice¡¡themselves¡¡for¡¡others¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡doctors¡¡were¡¡well¡¡trained¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡orders¡¡of¡¡the¡¡army¡¡had¡¡to¡¡be¡¡carried¡¡out¡¡at¡¡any¡¡cost¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡public¡¡feeling¡¡was¡¡strong¡¡against¡¡the¡¡disease¡¡
79.¡¡when¡¡the¡¡doctors¡¡found¡¡that¡¡blood¡¡samples¡¡could¡¡carry¡¡the¡¡disease,¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡examined¡¡them¡¡with¡¡microscopes¡¡and¡¡saw¡¡_______.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡virus¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡germs¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡different¡¡signs¡¡of¡¡disease¡¡
80.¡¡the¡¡building¡¡of¡¡the¡¡panama¡¡canal¡¡was¡¡made¡¡possible¡¡by¡¡_______.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡the¡¡success¡¡of¡¡the¡¡spanish-american¡¡war¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡the¡¡work¡¡of¡¡the¡¡united¡¡states¡¡army¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡the¡¡killing¡¡of¡¡mosquitoes¡¡nearby¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡development¡¡of¡¡special¡¡drugs¡¡
¡¡¡¡questions¡¡81¡¡to¡¡85¡¡are¡¡based¡¡on¡¡the¡¡following¡¡passage:¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡it's¡¡never¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡admit¡¡you¡¡are¡¡in¡¡the¡¡wrong.¡¡being¡¡human,¡¡we¡¡allneed¡¡to¡¡know¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡apologizing.¡¡look¡¡back¡¡with¡¡honesty¡¡and¡¡think¡¡howoften¡¡you've¡¡judged¡¡roughly,¡¡said¡¡unkind¡¡things,¡¡pushed¡¡yourself¡¡ahead¡¡atthe¡¡expense¡¡of¡¡a¡¡friend.¡¡then¡¡count¡¡the¡¡occasions¡¡when¡¡you¡¡indicatedclearly¡¡and¡¡truly¡¡that¡¡you¡¡were¡¡sorry.¡¡a¡¡bit¡¡frightening,¡¡isn't¡¡it?¡¡frightening¡¡because¡¡some¡¡deep¡¡wisdom¡¡in¡¡us¡¡knows¡¡that¡¡when¡¡even¡¡a¡¡smallwrong¡¡has¡¡been¡¡committed,¡¡some¡¡mysterious¡¡moral¡¡feeling¡¡is¡¡disturbed;¡¡andit¡¡stays¡¡out¡¡of¡¡balance¡¡until¡¡fault¡¡is¡¡acknowledged¡¡and¡¡regret¡¡expressed.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡i¡¡remember¡¡a¡¡doctor¡¡friend,¡¡the¡¡late¡¡clarence¡¡lieb,¡¡telling¡¡me¡¡abouta¡¡man¡¡who¡¡came¡¡to¡¡him¡¡with¡¡a¡¡variety¡¡of¡¡signs:¡¡headaches,¡¡insomnia¡¡andstomach¡¡trouble.¡¡no¡¡physical¡¡cause¡¡could¡¡be¡¡found.¡¡finally¡¡dr.¡¡lieb¡¡saidto¡¡the¡¡man,¡¡"unless¡¡you¡¡tell¡¡me¡¡what's¡¡worrying¡¡you,¡¡i¡¡can't¡¡help¡¡you."¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡some¡¡hesitation,¡¡the¡¡man¡¡confessed¡¡that,¡¡as¡¡executor¡¡of¡¡hisfather's¡¡will¡¡(¨°???),¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡cheating¡¡his¡¡brother,¡¡who¡¡lived¡¡abroad,of¡¡his¡¡inheritance.¡¡then¡¡and¡¡there¡¡the¡¡wise¡¡old¡¡doctor¡¡made¡¡the¡¡man¡¡writeto¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡asking¡¡forgiveness¡¡and¡¡enclosing¡¡a¡¡cheque¡¡as¡¡the¡¡firststep¡¡in¡¡restoring¡¡their¡¡good¡¡relation.¡¡he¡¡then¡¡went¡¡with¡¡him¡¡to¡¡the¡¡mailbox¡¡in¡¡the¡¡corridor.¡¡as¡¡the¡¡letter¡¡disappeared,¡¡the¡¡man¡¡burst¡¡into¡¡tears."thank¡¡you,"he¡¡said,"i¡¡think¡¡i'm¡¡cured."and¡¡he¡¡was.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡heartfelt¡¡apology¡¡can¡¡not¡¡only¡¡heal¡¡a¡¡damaged¡¡relationship¡¡but¡¡alsomake¡¡it¡¡stronger.¡¡if¡¡you¡¡can¡¡think¡¡of¡¡someone¡¡who¡¡deserves¡¡an¡¡apology¡¡fromyou,¡¡someone¡¡you¡¡have¡¡wronged,¡¡or¡¡judged¡¡too¡¡roughly,¡¡or¡¡just¡¡neglected,do¡¡some-thing¡¡about¡¡it¡¡right¡¡now.¡¡
81.¡¡when¡¡we¡¡have¡¡done¡¡something¡¡wrong,¡¡we¡¡should_______.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡look¡¡honest¡¡and¡¡think¡¡over¡¡the¡¡fault¡¡carefully¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡escape¡¡from¡¡being¡¡disturbed¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡admit¡¡the¡¡fault¡¡and¡¡express¡¡the¡¡regret¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡forgive¡¡ourselves¡¡
82.¡¡what¡¡will¡¡happen¡¡if¡¡we¡¡have¡¡done¡¡something¡¡wrong?¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡our¡¡logic¡¡of¡¡thinking¡¡will¡¡be¡¡disturbed.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡sad.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡apologize¡¡at¡¡once.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡our¡¡moral¡¡balance¡¡will¡¡be¡¡disturbed.¡¡
83.¡¡what¡¡exactly¡¡was¡¡the¡¡patient's¡¡trouble?¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡the¡¡losing¡¡of¡¡a¡¡friend.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡headaches,¡¡insomnia,¡¡and¡¡stomaches.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡something¡¡wrong¡¡with¡¡his¡¡conscience.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡some¡¡unknown¡¡physical¡¡weakness.¡¡
84.¡¡what¡¡had¡¡the¡¡patient¡¡done¡¡to¡¡his¡¡brother?¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡he¡¡had¡¡sent¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡abroad.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡dishonest¡¡to¡¡his¡¡brother.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡he¡¡had¡¡given¡¡just¡¡a¡¡little¡¡share¡¡of¡¡the¡¡inheritance¡¡to¡¡his¡¡brother.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡too¡¡busy¡¡to¡¡write¡¡to¡¡his¡¡brother.¡¡
85.¡¡the¡¡patient¡¡was¡¡cured¡¡by_______.¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡a)¡¡writing¡¡a¡¡letter¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡b)¡¡crossing¡¡a¡¡cheque¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡c)¡¡asking¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡to¡¡forgive¡¡him¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡d)¡¡mailing¡¡a¡¡letter¡¡
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