3.把从句改为短语或单词。

　　例如：Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers fromthe nearest university and was in an area that was remote。

　　简介的表达方式为：

　　The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearestuniversity。

　　4.仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。

　　例如：In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the haywas mowed and stacked by my grandfather's family。

　　本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather'sfamily”，而使用了被动语态後，彷佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：

　　In the fall, my grandfather's family not only milked the cow but also mowedand stacked the hay。

　　5.用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，

　　例如：My grandfather didn't have time to stand around doing nothing with hisschool friends。

　　Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：

　　My grandfather didn't have time to loiter with his school friends。

　　6.有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达

　　例如：Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small tomeet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for auniversity degree。

　　两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：

　　Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operationalexpenses, let alone pay for a university degree。