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初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(08)
日期:2017-09-20

初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(08)

被动语态类知识点

1. take place等能用于被动语态吗

Great changes ______ in China since 1978.

A. have taken place B. took place            C. have been taken place   D. were taken place

此题应选A。首先要排除C, D, 因为take place(发生)是不及物动词, 所以不能用被动语态;另一方面, 因为句子中的since 1978, 所以句子宜用现在完成时A。

大家知道, 不及物动词没有被动语态(因为不及物动词没有宾语,转换成被动语态便没有主语)。但这里要注意的是:由于受汉语的影响,有些不及物动词很容易被考生误认为是及物动词,从而误用被动语态。这类易用错的动词主要的有take place 发生 / happen 发生 / come about 发生 / breakout 爆发 / appear出现 / disappear 消失 / last 持续 等)。

他出什么事了?

误:What was [is] happened to him?

正:What has happened to him?

每四年举行一次选举。

误:Elections are taken place every four years.

正:Elections take place every four years.

我不知道这事是怎么发生的。

误:I don’t know how this thing was come about.

正:I don’t know how this thing came about.

夜里起了一起火灾。

误:A fire was broken out during the night.

正:A fire broke out during the night.

 

2. 通常不用于被动语态的静态动词

那里的人缺乏食物。

1. People there lack food. (正)

2. Food is lacked by people there. (误)

从形式上看, 句2是句1的相应的被动形式,既然句1为正句,那么句2从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上句2却是个错句。

英语中,并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的, 有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语, 但却不用于被动语态, 这种动词考生容易弄错, 其中主要的有:have, lack, fit, suit, cost, let, like等:

他有一台电脑。

正:He has a computer.

误:A computer is had by him.

他当时正在洗澡。

正:He was taking a bath.

误:A bath was being had by him.

我的鞋不适合。

正:My shoes don’t fit me.

误:I am not fitted by my shoes.

这架钢琴花了她6000美元。

正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.

误:She was cost her 6000 dollars.

误:6000 dollars was cost her.

这件衣服他穿很合适。

正:The coat suits him very well.

误:He is well suited by the coat.

 

 


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