The creation of Independent States has led to a resurgence of nationalism.
独立国家的建立引起了民族主义的复苏。

2.prepare 准备

She made her way to the kitchen, hoping to find someone preparing dinner
她走到厨房，希望看到有人在准备晚饭。

3.massacred 残杀

There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.
在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。

4.previously 预先

Previously she had very little time to work in her own garden.
以前，她没什么时间打理自己的花园